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11 de diciembre de 2024
Al infinito, y más allá. La ESA ya está trabajando en el proyecto.
LLEVEN FACTOR 50
Chinos y europeos saldrán a explorar la relación entre la Tierra y el Sol lunes 11 de marzo de 2019 12:38
La Agencia Espacial Europea (ESA) anunció este jueves que ha dado luz verde a la misión conjunta con China para la exploración de la relación entre el Sol y la Tierra, que prevé el lanzamiento de una nave bautizada Smile en 2023. En un comunicado, la ESA explicó que esta misión se centrará en los procesos físicos que se producen durante la interacción continua entre las partículas del viento solar y la magnetosfera, el escudo magnético que protege la Tierra. La nave Smile (siglas en inglés de Explorador del Enlace Viento Solar Magnetosfera Ionosfera), de 2.200 kilos de peso, será lanzará un cohete Vega-C o un Ariane 6-2 y colocada en una órbita elíptica con una fuerte inclinación alrededor de la tierra. De esa forma, cada 51 horas sobrevolará el planeta del que llegará a alejarse a 121.000 kilómetros (casi un tercio de nuestra distancia a la Luna) y ofrecerá una vista prolongada de las regiones polares. En ese mismo ciclo, se acercará a 5.000 kilómetros de la Tierra para enviar todos los datos recopilados a una estación terrestre de la ESA en la Antártida y a otra de la Academia China de las Ciencias (CAS). Gracias a esa órbita excepcionalmente alargada, el satélite permitirá observar de forma ininterrumpida regiones del espacio cercano a la tierra y capturará imágenes y vídeos del límite entre la magnetosfera terrestre y el viento solar, de las cúspides polares y de las regiones iluminadas por la aurora boreal. Según la ESA, con los tres años de duración prevista para la misión principal, será posible estudiar esas áreas clave de la interacción entre el Sol y la Tierra en periodos prolongados.
La carga útil de ese satélite estará formada por cuatro instrumentos, de los cuales dos son chinos -un Analizador de Iones de Luz (LIA) y un Magnetómetro (MAG) para medir las partículas energéticas del viento solar y los cambios en el campo magnético local-, uno europeo y otro canadiense. La Agencia Espacial del Reino Unido y otras instituciones europeas aportarán una innovadora Cámara de Rayos X Blandos (SXI) de gran angular para realizar mediciones de las regiones donde el viento solar impacta en la magnetosfera. Mientras que Canadá pondrá una Cámara de Ultravioleta (UVI) para examinar la distribución global de las auroras. La ESA también se encargará del módulo de carga útil, de las instalaciones de prueba de la nave, del cohete, de la campaña de lanzamiento y de la estación terrestre primaria. Todas las actividades de ensamblaje y ensayos de la nave tendrán lugar en Europa. China será responsable de la plataforma, de las pruebas de la nave, así como de las operaciones científicas y de la misión. La plataforma la construirá en Shangai la Academia de Innovación para Microsatélites de ese país. La misión es una nueva colaboración científica entre la ESA y China tras la de Double Star/Tan Ce, que estuvo operativa entre 2003 y 2008. Pero a diferencia de esa, que comenzó como un proyecto exclusivo de China, Smile es un proyecto conjunto desde el principio.
EFE