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11 de diciembre de 2024
El muñequito, sometido a -273ºC
descubrimiento insólito
¿Qué le pasa a un Lego si se lo enfría a -273ºC? jueves 26 de diciembre de 2019 10:10
Madrid . El cero absoluto (-273,15 grados centígrados) se considera la temperatura más baja posible, pero ¿qué le pasaría a una figurita de Lego si se enfriase casi hasta ese límite?. Eso es lo que se preguntó un equipo de científicos británicos y los resultados fueron "sorprendentes". En un estudio que publica esta semana Scientific Reports expertos de la Universidad de Lancaster enfriaron una figurita y cuatro bloques de la famosa marca hasta 1,6 miligrados por encima del cero absoluto, lo que significa 200.000 veces más frío que la temperatura de media de una habitación y 2.000 más frío que el espacio profundo. Los resultados "fueron sorprendentes" pues a esa temperatura y por la estructura del bloque, el material adquiere propiedades que "podrían ser útiles en el desarrollo de la computación cuántica", según un comunicado de la universidad británica. El director de la investigación, Dimitry Zmeev, indicó que los resultados "son significativos" porque descubrieron que "la disposición de las abrazaderas entre los bloques de Lego hace que las estructuras se comporten como un aislante térmico extremadamente bueno a temperaturas criogénicas". El experto explicó que "esto es muy deseable para la construcción de materiales usados para el diseño de futuros equipos científicos como los refrigeradores de dilución". Este tipo de aparatos, inventados hace 50 años están en el centro de una industria multimillonaria y son cruciales para el trabajo de la física y la ingeniería experimental moderna, lo que incluye el desarrollo de ordenadores cuánticos, agrega el comunicado. El uso de estructuras de plástico ABS (acrilonitrilo butadieno estireno), como en las piezas de Lego, en lugar de los materiales sólidos que se emplean en la actualidad, "significa que cualquier aislante térmico futuro podría ser producido a un coste significativamente reducido". Los investigadores señalaron además que el próximo paso es diseñar e imprimir en 3D un nuevo aislante térmico para la futura generación de refrigeradores de dilución. El cero absoluto -o cero grados Kelvin- es la temperatura teórica más baja que se puede alcanzar y en el que las moléculas de cualquier material se solidificarían y perderían su capacidad de moverse. EFE